If now, the reader has grasped these leading principle of grannies dating, he is in a position to follow the ne application of them to Human Biology which I now venture to present. Without going into details of physiology, it may be stated that the principles of reproduction are so identical in plants and living creatures as wholly to justify argu- ment from one to the other.
The only differences are in degrees of structural complexity as organisms rise higher in the scale of development, and demand, accord- ingly, more complex organs and functions for the more perfect manifestation of their characteristics; as also for the transmission of these to offspring. It may be repeated, however, that Mendelian law is found to hold . good in humans, both in the hereditary transmission of normal characteristics and in the hereditary transmission of the abnormal traits of disease and degeneracy. Increasing complexities, structural and functional, are indispensable to the presentment of the attributes of the higher species, Man. But such complexities are, nevertheless, continuous with and have sprung out of the simplicities of lower and rudimentary organisms, precisely as the branches and leaves and flowers of a plant are continuous with and have sprung out of its roots. A vital and important biological detail (to be considered later) is that plants are not, as living creatures are, differentiated into a right and a left-side, identical in construction. Another is that plants are self- fertilising.
With the lower animals, plural births are the rule. And in these, the still crude and imperfect differentiations of the Contrasting Traits allow of piebald and other modes of chequered colour and amorphous construction. The higher the organism, the more complex are the grannies dating biological requirements for its pre-natal development, as for its post-natal nurture.

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